There was clearly no requirement in the assignment to cite sources and it pretty explicitly encouraged the students to share their personal opinions. I'm not sure what that other person's problem is with anything you've said. You've been on the mark all along.
Also, the student did not meet the 650 word requirement, so according to the instructions she was docked 10 points out of 25 automatically.
I believe the primary reason for her grade is she argued against the article by implying the article said things that it never said. In other words, she ignored the assignment to write a rant about why she believes the Bible is the all encompassing truth about everything.
A response received by the Daily Oklahoman:
I have taught college-level courses, and I would give the paper a 0/25. It didnt follow the instructions given and was borderline incoherent on a sentence-by-sentence level. This student appears to be incapable of writing at even a high-school level and her grades should reflect that.
― Joel Fleming, Boston