Essentially, if you do anything with the intent of affecting the environment, you are geoengineering. (Lets say you want to plant great swaths of forest in the arctic for example. It seems harmless enough, its natural right? Well, the snow is highly reflective, bouncing light back into space. Trees are darker, increasing the Earths albedo
)
While we may not like the idea of tinkering with the natural environment, weve done it from the moment we first set foot on the planet.
For the past few centuries, weve been rapidly changing the composition of the atmosphere, unintentionally leading to global heating, which may kill all of us, not to mention the rest of the natural world. (We are, after all, part of nature ourselves.)
In Global Warming in the Pipeline, James Hansen et al, warn:
Required actions include: (1) a global increasing price on GHG emissions accompanied by development of abundant, affordable, dispatchable clean energy, (2) East-West cooperation in a way that accommodates developing world needs, and (3) intervention with Earths radiation imbalance to phase down todays massive human-made geo-transformation of Earths climate.
15 years ago, they were not recommending this sort of solution. Instead they were recommending rapid reductions in emissions, and using various other means to lower the atmospheric concentrations of "greenhouse gases. Well, we failed to follow their advice, and that put us where we are now,
needing to resort to more drastic measures.