Looking to limit birthright citizenship, Trump turns to an 1884 Supreme Court ruling against a Native American man
Source: NBC News
March 29, 2026, 5:00 AM EDT / Updated March 29, 2026, 9:15 AM EDT
WASHINGTON In a moment that could take on new significance almost 150 years later, Omaha election official Charles Wilkins on April 5, 1880, refused to register John Elk to vote on the grounds that he was Native American, and therefore not an American citizen. Elk believed to have been a member of what is now known as the Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska objected, saying he had severed all ties with his tribe and had willingly subjected himself to the authority of the United States.
He launched a legal challenge, arguing among other things that he was a citizen at birth because he was born within United States territory. But the Supreme Court, in an 1884 case called Elk v. Wilkins, ruled against him, saying that Native Americans born within the territory of the United States did not have birthright citizenship. They had the same status as the children of subjects of any foreign government born within the domain of that government, the court said.
President Donald Trumps administration is now citing that case as it defends his plan to end automatic birthright citizenship, putting a new spin on the long-standing interpretation of the Constitutions 14th Amendment. The Supreme Court hears oral arguments in the case on Wednesday.
Trumps executive order, issued on the first day of his second term, seeks to limit birthright citizenship only to people with at least one parent who is a U.S. citizen or a legal permanent resident. The order is not in effect; lower courts put it on hold.
Read more: https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/supreme-court/trump-birthright-citizenship-supreme-court-native-american-rcna263223
Fiendish Thingy
(23,209 posts)I wonder how many justices will burst out laughing?
bluestarone
(22,172 posts)I'm thinking only 3 bursting out laughing and maybe 2 more that won't laugh but vote against it. (i hope) This court could be 6-3 decision or even 5-4?
Fiendish Thingy
(23,209 posts)bluestarone
(22,172 posts)at least TWO for it. and that's a shame. TSF can 100% count on those two
Escurumbele
(4,094 posts)I would have added the word "corrupt"...
I have always been an optimist but, with what has been going on with this administration, the court, I hate that I am becoming a pessimist, I really hate that.
bucolic_frolic
(55,121 posts)"same status as the children of subjects of any foreign government born within the domain of that government"
Says to me if they were born overseas, they are not US citizens. Nothing remarkable there.
Mr. Wilkins it sounds like the Court argued he was not born in a state, or a territory. He was born with loyalty to his tribe. Splitting hairs. By that logic all immigrants would maintain loyalty to the country from whence they came.
Historic NY
(40,036 posts)I Congress passed this act, also known as the Snyder Act, granting full U.S. citizenship to all Native Americans born in the United States, effectively nullifying the requirement for individual naturalization that was central to Elk v. Wilkins.
https://www.opb.org/article/2025/04/07/trump-administration-attempts-to-use-19th-century-native-american-case-to-overturn-birthright-citizenship/]
Trump has that fuck face Miller working on this bullshit only he would pull this out of his rectum
BumRushDaShow
(169,685 posts)(unless it benefits RW loons), then 45 is gonna roll the dice.
Fiendish Thingy
(23,209 posts)This is black letter constitutional law.
Overturning birthright citizenship would be rewriting the constitution, not just reinterpreting it.
BumRushDaShow
(169,685 posts)The SCOTUS can "interpret" or "reinterpret" any damn thing they want and who it applies to. Those of us whose families have been here for many generations, have watched it happen.
Fiendish Thingy
(23,209 posts)Overturning birthright citizenship would be as historic and significant as Dred or Plessy, or maybe more so, because if birthright citizenship is revoked, can the reinstitution of slavery still be off limits?
Thats why they wont touch it.
They would be signing the death warrants for their careers- the people would demand the court be expanded to reinstate their rights and overturn all the extremist rulings of the past 20 years.
BumRushDaShow
(169,685 posts)THAT is the problem we are facing.
No one thought they would "touch" Roe. No one thought they would touch the VRA (even with FOUR CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENTS DEALING WITH VOTING). Next target is the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
It's all up to those 6 fiends.
Fiendish Thingy
(23,209 posts)BTW, Roe was an implied right, not black letter law like birthright citizenship- something that could be solved by 1) codifying reproductive rights in law, and 2) expanding the court to a majority who will uphold it.
BumRushDaShow
(169,685 posts)The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.
https://www.law.cornell.edu/constitution/fourth_amendment
Section 1.
All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the state wherein they reside. No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.
(snip)
https://www.law.cornell.edu/constitution/amendmentxiv
A man - John Roberts - deemed that nether the 4th nor 14th Amendments, apply to women.
Fiendish Thingy
(23,209 posts)Until we elect legislators and a president willing to kill the filibuster and expand the court, neutralizing the MAGA majority so that Dobbs can be reversed, and congress can pass laws codifying Roe nationwide.
BumRushDaShow
(169,685 posts)and believe it or not, that is primarily what Fetterman ran on - "being the 51st vote" in the Senate to kill the filibuster and codify Roe.
At the time after the 2020 election, the Senate was tied 50 (R)s - 50 (48 (D)s + 2 (I)s) and (D)s forced control of it based on our having the White House (and a VP who would be the tie-breaker to gain control of the Committee Chairs).
In 2022. we got to 51 (49 (D)s + 2(I)s).
But even with that, it didn't happen.
Fiendish Thingy
(23,209 posts)Which ended up saying a whole lot of nothing.
IMO that was the second biggest mistake of his otherwise very progressive administration.
Ms. Toad
(38,632 posts)The Snyder Act was a law, not a part of the constitution. So it's not stare decisis. Stare decisis is a doctrine urging the Supreme Court to be cautious in overruling its own prior decisions.
And there is no such thing as black letter constitutional law. Everything in the constitution says is always up to interpretation by the Supreme Court.
LeftInTX
(34,260 posts)And it has been implemented since 1940 as such.
Hence the intent of Congress was to grant US citizenship to all those born in the US. And this was congress's interpretation of "jurisdiction of"
I know that SCOTUS has overturned laws before, but this is a huge one because decades of bureaucracy have been involved with it. So, it wasn't just a Supreme Court decision, it was a law that was passed afterward.
https://today.westlaw.com/Document/I6f209445294e11f18650b90c05b8b24a/View/FullText.html?transitionType=CategoryPageItem&contextData=(sc.Default)&firstPage=true
It does not appear that Trump is trying to overturn the law. He's just trying to get them to reinterpret Wong. I don't think he knew about this law.
Ms. Toad
(38,632 posts)The constitution always prevails over laws - AND - it is always up to the Supreme Court to interpret the constitution. There is no such thing as black letter law when it comes to the interpretation of the constitution. If the Supreme Court determines that Trump's interpretation of birthright citizenship is correct, any law which contradicts it is unconstitutional.
Do I think it will interpret it as Trump suggests? No. My comments go to your assertions which seem to suggest that you believe the Supreme Court cannot interpret a provision of the constitution in a way which differs from how it has always been applied because it is "black letter law." Or that somehow a law passed by Congress is more controlling than the Constitution, or would prevent the Supreme Court from interpreting the provision in a way that is contrary to Congress' intent.
Fiendish Thingy
(23,209 posts)If the constitution says two term limit for a president, it doesnt mean three.
Words like infringe can be interpreted differently, but numbers, ages, and place of birth cannot.
BumRushDaShow
(169,685 posts)But for those who argue "liiteralism" vs "wiggle room", they might say (which 45's loons have) that it doesn't say anything about more than 2 "non-consecutive terms" being forbidden, thus making it an implicit option.
The original intent was to avoid what happened with FDR, who was elected for 4 terms (3 full, and the 4th ending up a part term when he died in office). Grover Cleveland was the only other President to serve 2 terms non-consecutively (and he was around before FDR) before 45.
This is the kind of hairs that are being split nowadays.
Ms. Toad
(38,632 posts)It says:
Plenty to be interpreted there.
And regardless of whether you disagree with me, that's how our judicial system works.
Fiendish Thingy
(23,209 posts)SCOTUS will not interpret this to mean 2=3.
Ms. Toad
(38,632 posts)The Supreme Court will interpret not just the word two - but all of the surrounding words.
And even just taking the words literally, two can mean more than two.
Fiendish Thingy
(23,209 posts)As I dont think Trump is going take the issue to court (actually 51 courts) to try and get on the ballot in 2028, and the Republican Party would implode if he did, as dozens are waiting in the wings for their shot.
Farmer-Rick
(12,663 posts)Give them that authority.
It doesn't give the Supremes the authority to interpret what the US constitution says. They grabbed up that power to make themselves little dictators.
Ms. Toad
(38,632 posts)Not everything is derived directly from the Constitution. Judicial review is granted to the judicial branch in the Constitution. Marbury v. Madison was the (judicial) case that resolved the lingering question of whether that included determining that the legislative branch created a law that violated the Constitution.
Farmer-Rick
(12,663 posts)The Supreme Court gave itself the power to review the constitutionality of government actions.
No where in the constitution does it give that power to the Supremes. Our founding fathers were well aware of the concept of judicial review. Only some of them wanted to give that power to the Supremes. Note they didn't give it to the Supremes, the Supremes gave it to themselves.
cloudbase
(6,270 posts)and raise United States v. Wong Kim Ark.
NickB79
(20,353 posts)Only 14 yr after US v Elk. The justices were intimately aware of what was argued in Elk, and still ruled for Wong Ark. That alone should say quite a bit.
wnylib
(26,005 posts)US citizens if it weren't for the fact that his mother was an immigrant and so are/were 2 of the mothers of his children.
Renew Deal
(85,141 posts)This guy was born in a territory. The people Trump is looking to exclude are/would be born in the US.
Callie1979
(1,350 posts)Or is that what this decision ended up meaning?
Renew Deal
(85,141 posts)But I haven't spent time on how they got from that, to people in Puerto Rico being citizens, to today. The current case seems completely different because the people involved were born in a US state.
DallasNE
(8,007 posts)Kind of like a nation inside of a nation. That is a whole different set of laws.I don't see how it is a fit.
Section 1 of the 14th Amendment states, All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside.
Obviously, they are trying to get around the word "all", and that includes applying cases that are dubious, at best.
Callie1979
(1,350 posts)The people referred to NOW are born in one of the States, I guess this guy was born in a territory and NOT a State.
Scalded Nun
(1,691 posts)The treatment of Native Americans by the US government (and to be truthful a huge segment of its population) has been forever disgraceful. This appears to be another case of a convenience to get what they want.
The argument "the children of subjects of any foreign government born within the domain of that government" cannot be used as the tribal lands have always been within the domain of the US government. You cannot have it both ways. One one hand saying their land is sovereign and on the other hand move tribes and/or take whatever land the government wants for whatever reason the government has. Many times at the behest of corporations who want that land for various (many times deceitful/nefarious) reasons.
And legally...
If those fucking, disgusting, treasonous idiots in the White house want to refer back to 1884, they need go no further than to The Indian Citizenship Act of 1924. Any rationale relying on the 1884 SCOTUS ruling was nullified by that Act.
They may very well be counting on Alito to pull another 400 year-old reference out of his ass to save them. Pardon the exaggeration on the 400 years.
Callie1979
(1,350 posts)Ms. Toad
(38,632 posts)In other words, tribal nations are foreign governments. Prior to the Snyder Act, the nation's territory was a domain of that (foreign) government.
This case doesn't help them.
Bayard
(29,670 posts)"Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution states that "Congress shall have the power to regulate Commerce with foreign nations and among the several states, and with the Indian tribes",[8] determining that Indian tribes were separate from the federal government, the states, and foreign nations."
The various tribes are sovereign nations within the U.S., but the government is required to protect them.
Nasruddin
(1,258 posts)If this tactic is successful, would it mean that we have a non-citizen Secretary of DHS?
I would expect the Secretary to get on this problem right away, and report back his findings.
As soon as he's released from custody - presumably he's also been voting in our elections, so one would expect a trial.
Marthe48
(23,171 posts)How much longer will this nightmare last?