Communities of Common Interest
Congressional districts should not be drawn considering race or partisanship. but Communities of Common Interest. Let me explain.
The state that best follows this rule is Iowa. Districts should make every effort to not divide counties. This rule would entitle minorities to gain seats because of the locations of their populations.
Scott Jennings and other Republican assholes like to cite Massachusetts as an example. They claim 40% of the voters vote Republican but have zero members of Congress. In 2024, Trump's best election out of the 3 Generals in which his name appeared on a Massachusetts ballot, he carried zero counties. Fucking zero. And his total vote was not 40%, but closer to 35%. No major city voted for Trump. Boston, Worcester, Pittsfield, Lynn, Lawrence and Lowell all voted for the Democrat 3 times. There is no Republican community of interest. They are spread out throughout the Commonwealth and comprise a minority in every section. In fact, the most rural, Western part of the state is perhaps the most Liberal (Amherst).
So, this case of "disenfranchised" Republicans in Massachusetts is nothing but bullshit and the best way to draw districts is "Communities of Common Interest".